ABSTRACT
Background: Gallbladder carcinoma is the first cause of cancer deaths among chilean women. The few cytogenetic studies performed in these tumors have not found specific or primary chromosome abnormalities. Also, no relationships with specific oncogenes have been found. Aim: To perform cytogenetic studies in gallbladder carcinoma. Material and Methods: A chromosomal study and measurement of dna content, was performed in 38 samples of advanced gallbladder carcinoma and in 40 samples of gallbladders without malignant changes. Results: Hyperploidies were found in the karyotype of 15 carcinomas (near triploidies and near teraploidies). These findings were confirmed in the cytometric study. Multiple structural chromosome abnormalities were found in 11 and 15 samples, such as translocations, deletions, inversions, isochromosomes, rings and markers. Some chromosome alterations such as interstitial deletion of chromosome 4, deletion of distal region of chromosome 12, deletion of distal segment of the short arm of chromosome 17 with a fracture point in p12 and rearrangement of chromosome 6 were repeated in 2 or more cases. Conclusions: Hyperploidies in gallbladder carcinoma are an alteration that appears in advanced stages of the tumor. Chromosomal abnormalities may be a primary or specific alteration of this tumor, whose prognostic or diagnostic role should be explored. There are ongogenes related to some mentioned chromosomal fracture points, that should be explored with molecular techniques
Subject(s)
Humans , Chromosome Aberrations/diagnosis , Gallbladder Neoplasms/genetics , Ploidies , Adenocarcinoma/pathology , Cytogenetics/methods , Flow Cytometry/methodsABSTRACT
Entre 1993 y 1997, en el Centro de Control de ETS se diagnosticaron tres casos de varones VIH positivos que presentaban lesiones papulares eritematosas generalizadas, con predominio en tronco, muy pruriginosas. La biopsia de piel mostró infiltrado eosinofílico, ausencia de gérmenes y tinción negativa para hongos. De manera concomitante se observó eosinofilia en sangre superior al 10 por ciento y CD4 inferior a 100 cel/mm elevado a 3. Los pacientes fueron tratados con antihistamínicos H1 y corticoides tópicos; un paciente recibió además itraconazol por onicomicosis. En nuestro medio es usual que la foliculitis eosinofílica asociada a VIH se confunda con escabiosis debido a la presencia de erupción papular y prurito intenso. Se presentan tres casos clínicos y la revisión de los estudios sobre el tema